pertandangan

Pertandangan is a term that may appear in Indonesian-language texts, but it is not part of standard Indonesian lexicon. The more widely used word for a competitive event is pertandingan, meaning a match or competition. In some informal contexts or regional varieties, pertandangan has been encountered to denote an encounter or confrontation between parties, often with competitive elements. However, its usage is inconsistent and not widely attested in formal language resources.

Etymology and notes: The form resembles the standard term pertandingan, but pertandangan is not established in authoritative dictionaries. Because of limited documentation, its precise meaning and grammatical behavior are uncertain, and speakers may understand it only through context or treat it as a nonstandard variant or misspelling.

Usage and examples: In nonstandard writing or casual speech, one might encounter sentences like “Pertandangan antara dua klub itu berakhir imbang.” In formal writing, however, the preferred term is pertandingan. Writers should avoid pertandangan in official documents, journalism, and academic texts to maintain clarity and correctness.

Related terms: Pertandingan, tanding, konfrontasi, duel. These terms cover the spectrum from general competition (pertandingan) to direct confrontation (konfrontasi) or single combats (duel). See also: sports events, debates, and competitive encounters.

Summary: Pertandangan is not part of standard Indonesian usage and is generally replaced by pertandingan. Its appearance is typically considered nonstandard, regional, or erroneous in formal contexts. When documenting or translating, favor pertandingan to convey the intended meaning of a match or competitive encounter.