periodontik

Periodontik is the branch of dentistry that deals with the periodontium—the structures that surround and support the teeth, including gums, the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It encompasses prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal diseases and related conditions. In many medical and dental systems, periodontik is synonymous with periodontics, the dental specialty focused on these tissues.

Common conditions addressed include gingivitis, periodontitis, gum recession, mucogingival defects, peri-implant diseases, and the management of soft and hard tissue defects around natural teeth and dental implants. The onset and progression of periodontal diseases are influenced by plaque biofilm, host response, and systemic factors such as diabetes, smoking, and genetics.

Diagnosis relies on clinical examination (probing depths, bleeding on probing, attachment level), radiographs, and sometimes advanced imaging. Treatment aims to control infection, arrest disease, and restore support. Non-surgical therapy (scaling and root planing, antimicrobial agents) is first line, followed by surgical procedures (flap surgery, bone grafts, guided tissue regeneration) when needed. Maintenance therapy and patient education are crucial for long-term success.

Periodontik is practiced by general dentists and periodontists. Periodontists undergo postgraduate specialty training in diagnosis, surgery, implantology, and regenerative techniques. Research in periodontik covers microbial biofilms, host immune responses, regenerative materials, and the connections between periodontal health and systemic diseases.