periné

The periné, or perineum, is the anatomical region between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx, extending laterally to the ischial tuberosities. In humans it is divided by a line between the ischial tuberosities into two triangles: the anterior urogenital triangle and the posterior anal triangle.

In both sexes the perineum contains the perineal membrane and muscles of the urogenital and anal regions, including the bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles, and the external anal sphincter, with the perineal body serving as a central anchor. The urogenital triangle houses the openings of the urethra (and in females the vagina) and, in the superficial and deep perineal spaces, associated glands and erectile structures. In males the region includes the base and roots of the penis and the scrotum.

Vascular supply comes mainly from the branches of the internal pudendal artery; innervation is provided in the perineum by the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve. Venous drainage follows similar routes.

Functionally, the perineum supports pelvic organs, contributes to continence, stabilizes the pelvic floor, and participates in sexual function.

Clinically, perineal injuries can occur during childbirth (episiotomy or tears), and the region can be involved in infections, pain syndromes, or hemorrhoidal disease affecting the anal triangle.