perinukleära

Perinuclear, or perinukleära, refers to the region surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. This area includes the perinuclear space—the lumen between the inner and outer nuclear membranes—which is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, and the surrounding cytoplasm adjacent to the nuclear envelope. The term is used to describe structures, processes, and localization relative to the nucleus.

The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric membranes that enclose the nucleus and contains nuclear pore complexes that regulate nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. The perinuclear region houses the nuclear lamina, a meshwork of lamin proteins that underlies the inner membrane and provides mechanical support, as well as the LINC complex that links the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. The perinuclear cytoskeleton includes actin filaments and microtubules organized around the nucleus, contributing to nuclear positioning, shape, and mechanotransduction.

Functions associated with the perinuclear region include regulation of nuclear shape and mechanical responses to cellular stress, mediation of protein and RNA trafficking between nucleus and cytoplasm, and involvement in chromatin organization and gene expression through interactions with the nuclear envelope. Perinuclear morphology can change during cell division and in various diseases, such as laminopathies and certain cancers, where nuclear shape and envelope integrity may be altered. In microscopy and histology, perinuclear patterns of staining or organization help characterize nucleus-adjacent structures and trafficking pathways.