perikárditisz

Perikarditisz, or pericarditis, is the inflammation of the pericardium, a thin sac that surrounds the heart. This inflammation can cause chest pain that may worsen with breathing or lying down. The pain is often sharp and stabbing, and it can radiate to the neck, shoulder, or back. Other symptoms may include fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and a cough.

The causes of pericarditis are varied. It can be triggered by viral infections, such as the common cold or flu, which are the most frequent culprits. Bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, kidney failure, trauma to the chest, certain medications, and even cancer can also lead to pericarditis. In some cases, the cause remains unknown, a condition termed idiopathic pericarditis.

Diagnosis typically involves a review of the patient's symptoms, a physical examination to listen for a characteristic friction rub, and diagnostic tests. An electrocardiogram (ECG) can reveal characteristic changes, and imaging studies like an echocardiogram or chest X-ray can help visualize the pericardium and detect fluid buildup. Blood tests may be used to identify underlying infections or inflammatory conditions.

Treatment aims to relieve pain and inflammation and address the underlying cause. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, corticosteroids may be used. If a bacterial infection is present, antibiotics are necessary. If there is a significant buildup of fluid, a procedure to drain it may be required. Most cases of pericarditis resolve with treatment, though recurrent episodes can occur.