percolationcolumn
Percolation column is a laboratory apparatus used to investigate the movement of liquids through porous media by percolating a fluid through a packed column either by gravity or under controlled flow. The standard setup includes a vertical cylindrical tube (glass or clear plastic), an inlet at the top, an outlet near the bottom, a packing bed of soil, sand, clay, or an adsorbent material, a frit or mesh to support the packing, and a reservoir or tubing to deliver the test liquid. The column is often equipped with a flow-control device (stopcock, valve, or pump) and a means to collect the effluent for analysis.
In operation, the packing material is prepared and saturated, the column is assembled, and a driving head
Key considerations include uniform packing to avoid preferential flow, column dimensions, flow rate, temperature, and ensuring