perbesaran

Perbesaran is a term used in Indonesian to describe enlargement or magnification. It refers to the process or result of making something appear larger, and is used in multiple fields such as optics and geometry. The word derives from besar, meaning large, with the prefix per- indicating an action or result.

In optics, perbesaran describes the magnification of an image produced by lenses or other optical devices. Linear magnification is the ratio of image size to object size, hi/ho, and for a thin lens it can be expressed as m = -v/u, where u is object distance and v is image distance. Angular magnification is particularly relevant for telescopes and microscopes, often approximated by the ratio of focal lengths in simple systems (for a basic telescope, M ≈ fo/fe). Magnification can increase detail or apparent size, but may also reduce other qualities such as brightness or field of view.

In geometry and digital imaging, perbesaran refers to an enlargement by a scale factor k. A figure is transformed by mapping coordinates (x, y) to (k x, k y). If k > 1, the transformation is an enlargement; if 0 < k < 1, it is a reduction. Enlarge­ments preserve shape (they are similarity transformations) but increase lengths by k and area by k^2. This concept is used in map making, technical drawing, photography, and computer graphics to resize objects consistently.

Applications of perbesaran include photography, printing, cartography, microscopy, and astronomy. It is important to distinguish between magnification (how large something appears) and resolution or detail (which may not improve with higher magnification alone).

See also: magnification, scale factor, enlargement (geometry), similarity transformation.