pediatriya

Pediatriya, known in English as pediatrics, is the branch of medicine devoted to the health care of infants, children, and adolescents from birth through late adolescence. It encompasses growth and development, disease prevention, and the treatment of acute and chronic illnesses, with an emphasis on the unique physiological and psychological needs of younger patients.

Pediatric care is typically provided by pediatricians, physicians who have completed medical school and a specialized residency in pediatrics. Care is often delivered in primary care clinics, hospitals, and emergency settings, and it frequently involves coordination with families, schools, and other specialists. A key goal is anticipatory guidance and preventive care, including nutrition, safety, and immunizations.

Subspecialties within pediatrics address specific organ systems or patient populations. Examples include neonatology (care of newborns, especially premature or ill infants), pediatric cardiology, gastroenterology, endocrinology, oncology, pulmonology, nephrology, rheumatology, infectious diseases, and adolescent medicine. Developmental and behavioral pediatrics focuses on cognitive and social development. Training includes medical school, a pediatric residency, and, for subspecialists, fellowship programs.

Public health and ethics in pediatrics address vaccination policies, child protection, consent and assent, and health disparities. Pediatricians also engage in research to improve child health outcomes and advocate for policies that support families and communities. Global pediatrics highlights the variation in disease burden and resources across regions and the importance of equitable access to care.