pedelec

A pedelec, short for pedal electric cycle, is a type of electric bicycle that provides motor assistance only when the rider is pedaling. The motor disengages when the rider stops pedaling or when a set speed is reached. Assistance is usually proportional to pedal input, and the rider maintains control of the bike at all times.

Most pedelecs use either a hub motor in the wheel or a mid-drive motor near the crank. Input is detected by sensors, typically a torque sensor that measures effort and a cadence sensor that tracks pedaling rate; the choice influences how naturally the bike feels. Power ratings and speed limits vary by regulation. In the European Union, EN 15194 defines pedelecs as having up to 250 watts of continuous power with assistance up to 25 km/h.

In the EU, pedelecs are treated as bicycles, generally requiring no license, registration, or insurance, though age restrictions and helmet laws apply. In the United States and other regions, regulations differ; many places limit motor power to up to 750 watts and cap assisted speed at 20 mph for classifications of pedal-assist bicycles, with various classes or categories defined by state law. Battery systems are usually 36–48 volts with lithium-ion packs, and typical ranges depend on capacity and riding conditions. Pedelecs are widely used for commuting and recreation as a more efficient alternative to conventional bicycles, especially on hills or longer trips.