peacefulness

Peacefulness is the quality or state of being peaceful. It can refer to an external condition of harmony and quiet in a place, as well as an inner sense of calm and freedom from disturbance. In daily life, peacefulness may be pursued through calm relationships, respectful communication, and avoidance of unnecessary conflict.

Scholars distinguish internal peacefulness—emotional balance, acceptance, and mindfulness—from external peacefulness, such as nonviolent social interaction, stable institutions, and the absence of violence. Peacefulness is often observed in behavior that prioritizes de-escalation, listening, and constructive dispute resolution, as well as in cultural or religious practices that emphasize harmony.

Factors that promote peacefulness include social justice, economic security, education, inclusive governance, and effective institutions, alongside personal practices like meditation, empathy, and conflict-resolution skills. Benefits frequently associated with peacefulness include better mental and physical health, higher social trust, enhanced cooperation, and a greater sense of security for individuals and communities.

Measuring peacefulness blends subjective well-being with objective indicators such as crime rates, violence, and political stability, and its assessment varies by context. Critics contend that the ideal of constant peacefulness can obscure ongoing injustices or suppress dissent, while proponents argue that incremental gains in peace enhance resilience and quality of life.