pathologen

Pathologen are physicians who specialize in pathology, the medical discipline that studies disease by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids to diagnose and understand disease processes. In German- or Dutch-speaking contexts the term "Pathologe" (plural Pathologen) is used; in English the corresponding term is "pathologist." Pathologists work across two broad domains: anatomical pathology, which focuses on tissue-based diagnoses through gross examination, histology, autopsy, and surgical pathology; and clinical pathology, which analyzes laboratory specimens such as blood, urine, and other fluids to support patient care.

Pathologists determine disease presence, type, and severity, guide treatment decisions, and help classify cancers and other conditions. They often prepare diagnostic reports used by clinicians, surgeons, and oncologists, and they participate in tumor boards, consults, and quality assurance. In forensic settings, forensic or medical examiner pathologists perform autopsies and assess causes of death.

Practicing pathologists employ a range of techniques, including histopathology and cytology, immunohistochemistry, molecular pathology, genomics, and, in some specialties, electron microscopy. They collaborate with other physicians and laboratory staff and play a key role in research and medical education.

Training typically requires completing a medical degree followed by a residency in pathology and, in many countries, board certification. Subspecialty fellowships exist in areas such as surgical pathology, cytopathology, forensic pathology, hematopathology, and molecular/genetic pathology. Licensing requirements vary by country.

The term Pathologen reflects Germanic-language usage; English-language literature uses "pathologists." The field is foundational to diagnostic medicine and translational research, linking laboratory findings with clinical management.