patellacomponent

Patellacomponent refers to the prosthetic element that articulates with the femoral trochlea in knee replacement surgery. In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the patellofemoral joint may receive a patellar component, typically a polyethylene insert attached to a metallic backing. The patella can be resurfaced with a dome- or ridge-shaped button, or in some cases the native patella is retained without a component.

Design and materials: The patellar component is usually made from ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, sometimes with a metal backing. It comes in various thicknesses to match the patient’s anatomy and to restore patellar height and tracking. The goal is to provide a smooth articulating surface that conforms to the femoral trochlea and reduces maltracking.

Indications: Patellar components are commonly used in primary TKA when patellofemoral arthritis or abnormal patellar tracking is anticipated. They may also be used or revised in cases of patellar fracture, wear, or persistent anterior knee pain after previous knee arthroplasty.

Surgical considerations: Successful use depends on proper sizing, alignment, and restoration of patellar height. Cemented fixation is most common. Intraoperative assessment of patellar tracking and thickness is important to avoid over-stuffing or under-sizing, which can lead to instability or pain.

Complications and outcomes: Potential issues include patellar loosening, fracture, polyethylene wear, maltracking, impingement, or patellofemoral instability, often requiring revision. When appropriately applied, patellacomponents can contribute to improved knee function and pain relief in selected patients.