patdown

A patdown, also known as a frisk, is a physical search conducted by touch of a person’s outer clothing and body to determine whether they are carrying concealed weapons or contraband. The procedure is typically used as a safety measure during law enforcement stops, arrests, or security screenings and is generally limited to the exterior of the clothing and does not involve a full body cavity search.

In law enforcement contexts, a patdown is usually performed when an officer has a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity and safety concerns. The search is intended to detect weapons and should avoid intrusive exploration of private areas. In many jurisdictions it is governed by legal standards that balance public safety with individual rights, such as the concept of stop and frisk. The scope and requirements can vary by jurisdiction, and searches may be justified by consent or exigent circumstances.

In airport and event security, patdowns are used as screening measures when initial detectors raise concerns. Privacy protections may include conducting the search in private rooms, having a same-gender officer perform the frisk, and offering alternatives or the option to use other screening methods such as metal detectors or full-body scanners when available.

Controversies surrounding patdowns focus on civil liberties, potential bias, and the risk of unnecessary intrusion. Proponents emphasize safety and proportionality, while training for officers generally stresses respect for dignity and minimal intrusion.

See also: frisk, stop and frisk, search and seizure, security screening.