parlament

Parlament is the term used in several languages to denote the legislative branch of a state; it is a deliberative assembly composed of representatives elected by citizens. The word derives from French parlement, or from Latin/Old French; in different countries the exact name varies (parliament, parlement, parlementet). It is usually the central institution responsible for making laws, debating public policies, and representing the electorate.

Parliaments are often bicameral (two chambers) or unicameral (one chamber). Members are elected through various systems. Parliaments typically have committees that study proposed laws, scrutinize the executive, and oversee government administration. The legislative process usually involves proposal, debate, committee review, and voting on bills; some parliaments also adopt resolutions, budgets, and treaties.

In parliamentary democracies the government is drawn from the parliament and can be dismissed by a vote of no confidence; the head of government is usually the prime minister or chancellor, with a head of state as separate. In presidential or semi-presidential systems the parliament may have different powers, including oversight and impeachment but not direct control of the executive in all cases. Parliaments may also serve as constitutional bodies, with roles in constitutional amendments or high-stakes decisions.

The parliament is central to accountability, transparency, and the rule of law. It interacts with the executive through debates, inquiries, budget approvals, and legislative processes. It also plays a role in representing diverse constituencies, minority groups, and regional interests, depending on electoral design.