paratüreoidahaiguste

Paratüreoidahaigused refer to a group of disorders affecting the parathyroid glands, small endocrine glands located in the neck, typically near the thyroid gland. These glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. Imbalances in PTH production lead to various parathyroid diseases.

The most common parathyroid disease is hyperparathyroidism, characterized by the overproduction of PTH. This leads to elevated calcium levels in the blood, a condition known as hypercalcemia. Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism can be varied and may include fatigue, bone pain, kidney stones, constipation, and cognitive issues. Hyperparathyroidism can be primary, caused by a benign tumor (adenoma) or enlargement of the parathyroid glands, or secondary, often occurring in individuals with chronic kidney disease.

Conversely, hypoparathyroidism involves the underproduction of PTH, resulting in low calcium levels in the blood (hypocalcemia). Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism can include muscle cramps and spasms (tetany), tingling sensations, fatigue, and in severe cases, seizures. Hypoparathyroidism can arise after thyroid surgery, due to autoimmune conditions, or genetic factors.

Diagnosis of parathyroid diseases typically involves blood tests to measure calcium, phosphate, and PTH levels. Imaging studies may also be used to locate abnormal parathyroid glands. Treatment depends on the specific condition and its severity, ranging from medication to surgery to remove affected parathyroid tissue.