paramagnetismin

Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism that occurs only in materials that contain unpaired electrons. In the absence of an external magnetic field, these materials exhibit no net magnetic moment. However, when subjected to an external magnetic field, the unpaired electrons align themselves with the field, creating an induced magnetic moment in the same direction as the external field. This alignment results in a weak attraction between the material and the external magnetic field. The strength of this attraction is proportional to the applied magnetic field. Upon removal of the external field, the thermal agitation of the atoms causes the electron spins to return to their random orientations, and the material loses its net magnetic moment. Paramagnetic materials are typically not strongly magnetic, and their magnetic susceptibility is positive but small. Common examples of paramagnetic substances include aluminum, oxygen, and platinum. The behavior of paramagnetism is often described by the Curie law, which relates the magnetic susceptibility to temperature.