paradoxosomatids

Paradoxosomatids are a large and diverse family of millipedes belonging to the order Polydesmida. This family is characterized by its flattened body shape and the presence of paratergites, which are lateral extensions of the tergites, giving them a shield-like appearance. Many paradoxosomatids possess glands on their paratergites that can excrete defensive chemicals, often foul-smelling or irritating, to deter predators. Their coloration varies widely, ranging from drab browns and grays to vibrant reds, oranges, and yellows, with many species exhibiting striking patterns.

These millipedes are primarily detritivores, feeding on decaying organic matter such as leaf litter, fungi, and dead plant material in terrestrial environments. They play an important role in nutrient cycling within their ecosystems. Paradoxosomatids are found globally, with significant diversity in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Asia and Africa. Their habitats include forests, woodlands, and even some more open areas where suitable food and moisture are available. Reproduction typically involves the male transferring sperm to the female, and the eggs are laid in soil or humus. The exact number of species within Paradoxosomatidae is still being determined due to ongoing taxonomic research, but it is considered one of the most speciose families of millipedes.