oxyhydrogen

Oxyhydrogen is a mixture of molecular hydrogen (H2) and molecular oxygen (O2). In practical use, it is produced on demand and burned in a dedicated torch to produce an oxyhydrogen flame. The typical stoichiometric ratio is two volumes of hydrogen for one volume of oxygen, though the proportions can be adjusted to create lean or rich flames for different tasks.

The flame of a stoichiometric hydrogen–oxygen mixture is among the hottest available from hydrocarbon-oxygen flames, reaching around 2,800 °C (about 5,000 °F) under ideal conditions. The flame is often pale blue and can be nearly invisible in daylight, which increases the risk of accidental exposure to leaks or flames.

Production and handling are usually on-demand: hydrogen and oxygen are supplied from separate sources and mixed in the torch. Both gases are highly flammable, and the mixture is highly reactive; it is generally not stored as a combined gas. Equipment includes pressure regulators, valves, and safety devices such as flashback arrestors to prevent backfire and detonation. Because the mixture can detonate in confined spaces or when sparked, strict ventilation and leak detection are essential.

History and uses: The oxyhydrogen flame was historically used for metalworking, welding, cutting, and illumination before safer or more economical fuels became common. With the development of acetylene and other processes, its industrial use declined, though it remains of interest for demonstrations and certain specialized applications.

Safety: Handling oxyhydrogen requires careful adherence to safety protocols. The gas mixture is highly reactive and explosive in confined spaces or when mixed improperly with air. Proper ventilation, leak detection, training, and compatible equipment are essential to reduce risks.