overreaktioner

Overreaktioner, or overreactions, describe emotional, cognitive, or behavioral responses that are disproportionate in intensity or duration to the triggering event. They can involve anger, fear, sadness, or irritability, and may be accompanied by physiological signs such as increased heart rate or sweating. The term is not a specific clinical diagnosis, but it is used to describe a pattern observed in various contexts.

Causes are multifactorial and include difficulties with emotional regulation, heightened sensitivity, anxiety or mood disorders, trauma exposure, sleep deprivation, substance effects, or misinterpretation of social cues. Cognitive appraisal that overestimates threat and negative interpretation biases can amplify responses. Personal history, current stressors, and social environment influence how often and how severely overreaktioner occur.

Overreaktioner commonly arise in interpersonal disputes, workplaces, and media interactions. They can impair relationships, work performance, and decision-making, and may escalate conflicts if not moderated. Some observers may attribute them to personality traits or moral failings, which can increase stigma and reduce willingness to seek help.

Assessment relies on clinical interviews and behavioral observation, sometimes supplemented by scales measuring emotional regulation, anxiety, or impulse control. Differential diagnosis includes mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, trauma-related conditions, or substance-induced effects. Evaluation focuses on functional impairment, safety, and the context in which reactions occur.

Management emphasizes emotion regulation skills, cognitive-behavioral techniques, mindfulness, and stress reduction. Therapeutic approaches such as dialectical behavior therapy or trauma-focused therapies may be helpful when underlying dysregulation or trauma is present. Addressing sleep, substance use, and social supports improves outcomes. In some cases, pharmacotherapy may be considered as part of a comprehensive plan. See also: emotional regulation, impulse control, trauma-informed care.