outdone

Outdone is the past participle form of the verb outdo. It is used in perfect tenses and in passive constructions to indicate that someone or something has surpassed or exceeded another. The simple past of outdo is outdid, while outdone appears in phrases such as “has outdone herself” or “was outdone by his opponent.” In some contexts, outdone can function adjectivally, though the verbal uses are more common.

Etymology and form: Outdo is built from the prefix out- meaning “to surpass” added to do. The past participle form outdone combines this prefix with the regular participle suffix -en, resulting in uses like “outdone by” in passive voice or as part of perfect tenses.

Usage notes: Outdone often appears in competitive or evaluative contexts, describing performances, efforts, or outcomes that exceed others’ expectations. It commonly collocates with phrases such as “outdo oneself,” “be outdone by,” or “outdo someone in a given skill.” Synonyms include surpass, exceed, eclipse, and outstrip; antonyms include match or equal.

Examples: “She outdid herself with a remarkable presentation.” “The challenger was outdone by the champion’s precision.” “Despite their best efforts, the team was outdone by a late rally.” These examples illustrate its use in denoting superiority or surpassing achievement.

See also: outdo, surpass, outstrip, eclipse, competition.