ototoksisia

Ototoksisia, also known as ototoxicosis, is a condition characterized by damage to the inner ear, specifically the cochlea or auditory portion of the eighth cranial nerve, due to exposure to certain drugs or chemicals. This damage can result in temporary or permanent hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or balance issues. The term "ototoksisia" is derived from the Greek words "otos" meaning ear, and "toxicosis" meaning poisoning.

The most common causes of ototoksisia are certain medications, including some antibiotics (like aminoglycosides), diuretics, chemotherapy drugs, and high doses of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These substances can interfere with the normal functioning of the hair cells in the cochlea, leading to hearing loss. The extent of damage depends on the duration and intensity of exposure to the ototoxic substance.

Symptoms of ototoksisia can vary but often include gradual or sudden hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. In some cases, the hearing loss may be reversible if the offending drug is discontinued early. However, in many instances, the damage is permanent. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and audiometric testing to assess hearing function.

Prevention of ototoksisia involves careful monitoring of patients taking known ototoxic medications. Regular hearing tests can help detect early signs of damage, allowing for timely intervention. In cases where ototoxic drugs are necessary, healthcare providers may adjust dosages or switch to alternative medications to minimize the risk of hearing loss. Treatment options for ototoksisia are limited, focusing mainly on managing symptoms and preventing further damage. Hearing aids or cochlear implants may be recommended for individuals with significant hearing loss.