osseointegrációval

Osseointegration refers to the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant. This biological process is fundamental to the success of dental implants and orthopedic prostheses. It was first extensively studied and popularized by Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark in the 1950s and 60s. The key principle is that bone cells, specifically osteoblasts, will grow and integrate directly onto the implant surface, without intervening soft tissue.

For osseointegration to occur, several factors are crucial. The implant material must be biocompatible, meaning it is not rejected by the body. Titanium and its alloys are widely used due to their excellent biocompatibility and ability to promote bone growth. The surface topography and chemistry of the implant also play a significant role, with roughened or specially treated surfaces often demonstrating enhanced integration. Proper surgical technique, minimizing trauma to the bone during implant placement, and appropriate loading conditions after surgery are also essential.

When successful, osseointegration results in a stable and rigid fixation of the implant to the bone. This allows for the transmission of forces, such as chewing forces in dental implants or weight-bearing forces in orthopedic prostheses, directly to the bone. Lack of osseointegration can lead to implant loosening, pain, and eventual failure of the prosthesis. Modern understanding and techniques have significantly improved the predictability and success rates of procedures relying on osseointegration.