oropharyngekreft

Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that affects the oropharynx, the part of the throat at the back of the mouth. This includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the posterior pharyngeal wall. It is distinct from other types of throat cancer that occur in the nasopharynx (upper throat) or hypopharynx (lower throat).

A significant risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer is infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV-16. HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers tend to occur in younger individuals and often have a better prognosis than HPV-negative cancers. Other risk factors include tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption. Symptoms can vary but may include a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, a lump in the neck, ear pain, or unexplained weight loss.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination of the throat and a biopsy of any suspicious areas. Imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs may be used to determine the extent of the cancer. Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer, its location, and whether it is HPV-related. Common treatments include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In some cases, a combination of these treatments is used. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.