opiacei

Opiacei, also known as opioids, are a class of drugs that include the illegal drug heroin, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and pain relievers available legally by prescription, such as oxycodone, codeine, and morphine. These drugs interact with opioid receptors on nerve cells in the body and brain. The pain-relieving effects of opioids are effective, but their potential for misuse, addiction, and overdose is a significant public health concern.

Opioid pain relievers are generally safe when taken for a short time and as prescribed by a doctor, but because they produce euphoria in addition to pain relief, they can be misused. When people misuse opioids, they are at risk of developing opioid use disorder, a serious and chronic disease. Opioid overdose is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms can include slowed or stopped breathing, pinpoint pupils, and unresponsiveness. Naloxone is a medication that can reverse an opioid overdose.

The historical use of opiates dates back thousands of years, with poppy cultivation and the use of opium for medicinal and recreational purposes documented in ancient civilizations. The development of more potent and refined opioid medications has continued over centuries, leading to both advancements in pain management and challenges related to addiction and diversion. Understanding the pharmacology, risks, and benefits of opiates is crucial for both healthcare professionals and the public.