operatsioonisaal

Operatsioonisaal, commonly known as the operating room, is a specialized clinical facility designed for surgical procedures. The room is engineered to maintain strict sterility, provide optimal lighting, temperature control, and accommodate surgical teams, equipment, and patients. Its layout typically includes a central work area surrounded by anterooms, a scrub area for handwashing and gowning, and a ventilated isolation zone to reduce airborne contaminants. The design requirements are governed by national and international standards such as ISO 15189 and the EurLic (European Licences for Healthcare Facilities).

The primary equipment found in an operatsioonisaal includes an operating table, surgical lights, anesthesia machines, cardiac monitors, and specialized surgical instruments. Modern operating rooms also incorporate advanced imaging modalities, such as laparoscopic cameras and intraoperative ultrasound, to enhance precision and reduce invasiveness. Anesthesiology stations are equipped with vital sign monitors, ventilators, and medications for general, regional, or local anesthesia.

Operating room staff includes surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, scrub technicians, and circulating nurses. Surgeons perform the procedure, anesthesiologists manage patient physiology, while operating room nurses handle instruments and assist with patient care. Strict aseptic technique is required for all personnel and instruments; personal protective equipment such as gloves, caps, eye protection, and sterile gowns is mandatory.

Protocols governing operatsioonisaal activities cover preoperative patient preparation, intraoperative sterile technique, postoperative monitoring, and infection control. Regular audits, instrument sterilization cycles, and environmental cleaning are essential to maintain safety. The operating room's effectiveness directly influences surgical outcomes, thus its design, equipment, and protocol adherence are critical to patient safety and healthcare quality.