ogr2ogr

ogr2ogr is a command-line utility in the GDAL library used to convert and transform vector geospatial data between formats. It supports a wide range of vector formats and data stores and is widely used for data conversion, migration, and preprocessing in GIS workflows.

Supported formats include Shapefile, GeoJSON, GeoPackage, KML, GML, MapInfo, SQLite/Spatialite, and database connections such as PostGIS, Oracle Spatial, and MSSQL; it can read from and write to file-based formats as well as spatial databases, making it a central tool for interoperability.

Key capabilities include reprojecting coordinates on the fly with -t_srs and -s_srs, assigning or transforming spatial reference systems with -a_srs, subsetting features with -where, renaming layers (-nln), and controlling output with creation options (-lco) and geometry type (-nlt). It also supports applying SQL queries (-sql or -dialect) and reading from databases.

ogr2ogr is commonly used in batch processing and ETL workflows to ingest, migrate, or prepare vector data for analysis. It is cross-platform and widely documented.

Part of the GDAL project and maintained by the OSGeo community, ogr2ogr is available on major operating systems and integrates with scripting environments.