objektrelationsmapping

Object-relational mapping (ORM) is a programming technique used to convert data between incompatible type systems in object-oriented programming languages. It creates a "virtual object database" that can be used within the programming language. ORM is used to map the data from a relational database to objects in an object-oriented programming language, such as Java, Python, or C#.

The primary purpose of ORM is to simplify database interactions by allowing developers to work with database records as objects. This abstraction layer reduces the amount of boilerplate code required for database operations, such as creating, reading, updating, and deleting records. ORM tools often provide features like query building, transaction management, and caching to enhance performance and simplify complex database operations.

ORM tools typically support various database management systems, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and Oracle. They can automatically generate SQL queries based on the operations performed on objects, making it easier to manage database schema changes without altering the application code significantly.

However, ORM also has its limitations. It can introduce performance overhead due to the abstraction layer, and complex queries may be harder to optimize compared to hand-written SQL. Additionally, ORM tools may not support all database features or optimizations, requiring developers to occasionally write raw SQL queries.

Overall, ORM is a powerful tool for developers working with relational databases, providing a more intuitive and efficient way to interact with data. It is widely used in various applications, from web development to enterprise software, to streamline database operations and improve productivity.