næringsstoffbelastning

Næringsstoffbelastning, often translated as nutrient loading or eutrophication, refers to the excessive enrichment of water bodies with nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrients, often originating from agricultural runoff, sewage, and industrial wastewater, act as fertilizers for aquatic plants and algae.

When nutrient levels increase significantly, it can lead to rapid and excessive growth of these organisms, a phenomenon known as algal blooms. These blooms can have detrimental effects on the ecosystem. As the algae die and decompose, bacteria consume large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water, leading to hypoxic or anoxic conditions. This oxygen depletion can suffocate fish and other aquatic life, causing fish kills and disrupting the food web.

Furthermore, dense algal blooms can block sunlight from reaching submerged aquatic vegetation, hindering its growth and reducing habitat for other organisms. Some algal blooms can also produce toxins harmful to wildlife and humans. Addressing næringsstoffbelastning involves reducing nutrient inputs through measures such as improved wastewater treatment, sustainable agricultural practices, and controlling urban runoff.