näytehäiriöt

Sample interference, known as näytehäiriöt in Finnish, refers to any alteration of a biological or chemical sample that can lead to inaccurate or misleading analytical results. These interferences can arise from various sources, affecting the integrity of the sample from collection to analysis.

Common causes of sample interference include issues with sample collection, such as improper venipuncture technique leading to hemolysis, or using the wrong anticoagulant. Storage and handling are also critical; for example, inadequate refrigeration can promote bacterial growth, altering sample composition. The presence of exogenous substances, like medications, dietary supplements, or even airborne contaminants, can also interfere with test results.

Furthermore, intrinsic properties of the sample itself can cause interference. Lipemia, characterized by high levels of lipids in the blood, can scatter light and affect spectrophotometric measurements. Icteric samples, with high bilirubin levels, can also produce similar optical interference. Hemolysis, the rupture of red blood cells, releases intracellular components like potassium and enzymes, falsely elevating their concentrations.

The consequences of sample interference can range from unnecessary follow-up testing and patient anxiety to incorrect diagnoses and inappropriate treatment decisions. Therefore, laboratories implement strict protocols for sample handling, processing, and quality control to minimize the risk of interference. Recognizing and addressing potential interferences is crucial for ensuring the reliability and validity of laboratory diagnostics.