nyálmirigykövek

Nyálmirigykövek, also known as sialolithiasis, are calcifications that form within the salivary glands or their ducts. These stones are composed primarily of calcium salts and organic material, and their formation is not fully understood, though factors like dehydration, certain medications, and anatomical abnormalities are thought to contribute.

The most common symptom of nyálmirigykövek is swelling and pain in the affected salivary gland, typically the submandibular gland, often occurring during or after eating when saliva production increases. This can lead to difficulty eating and drinking. In some cases, the stones can cause a blockage, leading to infection of the salivary gland (sialadenitis), which may present with fever, redness, and pus discharge.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, assessment of symptoms, and often imaging techniques such as X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scans to visualize the stones. Treatment depends on the size, location, and number of stones, as well as the presence of complications. Small, asymptomatic stones may not require intervention. For symptomatic stones, treatment options include conservative measures like increased fluid intake, massage of the gland, and medications to relieve pain and inflammation. If conservative methods fail or complications arise, surgical removal of the stone or, in severe cases, the affected salivary gland may be necessary. In some instances, less invasive methods like sialoendoscopy, which uses a small scope to visualize and remove stones from the ducts, can be employed.