normalizacije

Normalizacija is a term that can refer to several distinct concepts, primarily in the fields of mathematics, computer science, and social sciences. In mathematics, specifically in relational algebra and database theory, normalizacija refers to a process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. This involves dividing larger tables into smaller, more manageable tables and defining relationships between them. The goal is to ensure that data dependencies are enforced by database integrity constraints, thereby eliminating undesirable characteristics like insertion, update, and deletion anomalies. There are several normal forms, such as first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF), each with progressively stricter rules.

In the context of computer science and signal processing, normalizacija often means scaling a set of values to a specific range, typically between 0 and 1, or -1 and 1. This is done to bring different datasets or features to a comparable scale, which is crucial for many algorithms, especially those involving distance calculations or machine learning models that are sensitive to feature magnitudes. For example, image pixels might be normalized from a range of 0-255 to 0-1.

In social sciences, particularly sociology, normalizacija describes the process by which certain behaviors, ideas, or social structures become accepted as standard or ordinary within a society, even if they were once considered unusual or deviant. This can happen through repeated exposure, cultural assimilation, or the development of new social norms and values. The process can be gradual and often goes unnoticed by those within the society experiencing it. It highlights how societal perceptions of what is "normal" are fluid and subject to change over time and through various social influences.