nonlactating

Nonlactating refers to a state in which an individual or an animal is not producing milk. The term is used in medical, veterinary, and everyday contexts to distinguish between those who are lactating and those who are not. Nonlactation can be temporary or permanent, voluntary or involuntary, and may result from physiological, medical, or management factors.

In humans, nonlactation can occur because a person never lactated, has stopped lactating after breastfeeding, or chooses not to breastfeed. Causes of involuntary nonlactation include hormonal imbalances affecting prolactin and other lactation-related hormones, pituitary disorders, or medications that suppress lactation (for example, certain dopamine agonists used in medical treatment). Surgical removal of breast tissue or extensive breast surgery can also result in nonlactation. In some cases, nonlactation is planned or desired, such as when a person uses formula feeding or opts for a nonlactating postpartum period; counseling and supportive care are commonly provided to manage engorgement or discomfort if breastfeeding is not pursued.

In veterinary and dairy contexts, nonlactating also describes animals not producing milk. Dairy cows and other dairy species go through a nonlactating or dry period between milkings, typically lasting several weeks to a few months, to allow mammary tissue to rest and recover. Management during this period includes nutrition adjustments and measures to prevent mastitis. Nonlactating phases are also seen in nursing animals after weaning.

Overall, nonlactating is a broad term covering any situation where milk production is absent or temporarily halted, with implications for health, care, and management depending on the species and context.