nonbehavioral

Nonbehavioral is an adjective used to describe phenomena, data, methods, or interventions that do not involve the observation or measurement of observable behavior as the primary source of information. In fields that study behavior, nonbehavioral approaches are used to complement or contrast with behavior-focused methods, emphasizing internal processes, physiology, or external indicators that do not require a subject to perform a behavior.

Common nonbehavioral data include physiological measures such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals, heart rate, skin conductance, hormonal assays, and genetic or molecular markers. Nonbehavioral interventions encompass treatments that do not rely on changing behavior directly, such as pharmacological agents or neuromodulation techniques. In research designs, nonbehavioral outcomes may be used alongside behavioral measures to study underlying mechanisms without depending solely on action.

In clinical practice and research, nonbehavioral indicators can aid diagnosis or assessment through imaging findings, biomarker levels, or objective physiological data. In education or psychology, nonbehavioral assessments may describe processes that do not focus on outward actions, though interpretations often require integration with behavioral information.

Because behavior is central to many theories, labeling data or methods as nonbehavioral emphasizes a methodological distinction rather than a value judgment about importance. The term is contextual and can vary across disciplines.