nieruchomo

Nieruchomo is not a standard term in Polish; when encountered, it is usually a misspelling or shorthand for nieruchomość, meaning real estate or immovable property. The following overview describes nieruchomość in its commonly understood sense.

Real estate refers to property consisting of land and any permanent improvements attached to it, such as buildings, structures, or other installations. Ownership and other rights to real estate are defined by civil law; in Poland, ownership (własność) is the primary full property right, with additional rights such as użytkowanie wieczyste (perpetual usufruct) and various ograniczone prawa rzeczowe (limited property rights).

Real estate is typically divided into land (grunty) and buildings (budynki), and may include fixtures and natural resources. It can be classified as residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, or mixed-use.

Transfer of real estate requires a notarial deed and registration in the land and mortgage register (księga wieczysta), which confirms ownership and encumbrances. Real estate may be encumbered by mortgages, easements, or liens.

Prices are determined by location, size, condition, zoning, and broader market conditions. Transactions often involve appraisal, due diligence, taxes, and financing arrangements such as mortgages. Real estate markets vary by region and regulatory framework, influencing accessibility, investment potential, and risk.

In summary, nieruchomość encompasses land and attached structures and is subject to specific legal processes for ownership, use, and transfer.