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nevroproteser

Nevroproteser are devices that interface with the nervous system to restore, replace, or augment neural function. They work by translating external signals into neural stimulation or by converting neural activity into usable information for external systems. The development of neuroprostheses encompasses invasive implants that interact directly with neural tissue and non-invasive approaches that modulate the nervous system from outside the body. They can be aimed at restoring sensory input, such as hearing or vision, enabling motor control, or modulating neural circuits to alleviate symptoms of neurological disorders.

Common examples include cochlear implants, which stimulate the auditory nerve to provide hearing sensations for people

Neuroprostheses rely on advanced neural interfaces, biocompatible materials, and sophisticated signal processing to achieve precise, reliable

with
severe
deafness;
retinal
prostheses
that
aim
to
produce
visual
percepts
for
certain
forms
of
blindness;
deep
brain
stimulation
systems
used
to
treat
movement
disorders;
and
spinal
cord
stimulation
for
chronic
pain.
Brain–computer
interfaces
enable
direct
communication
between
the
brain
and
external
devices,
offering
possibilities
for
controlling
prosthetic
limbs
or
computer
interfaces.
Vagus
nerve
stimulation
is
used
for
certain
conditions
such
as
epilepsy
or
depression.
These
devices
range
from
invasive
implants
requiring
surgical
placement
to
non-invasive
or
minimally
invasive
systems
that
apply
stimulation
through
the
skin.
operation.
Challenges
include
biocompatibility
and
fibrotic
tissue
buildup,
long-term
stability
of
signals,
device
longevity,
and
infection
risks
for
implants,
as
well
as
ethical
considerations
regarding
privacy
and
autonomy.
Ongoing
research
aims
to
improve
selectivity,
scalability,
wireless
power,
and
closed-loop
control,
expanding
applications
in
medicine,
rehabilitation,
and
neuroscience.
The
English
term
is
neuroprostheses
or
neuroprosthetics;
nevo­prostese­r
is
the
cognate
term
in
several
Nordic
languages.