nevrokirurg

Neurosurgeon (nevrokirurg) is a physician who specializes in neurosurgery, the medical and surgical discipline focused on disorders of the nervous system. This includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Neurosurgeons diagnose and treat conditions ranging from brain tumors and vascular disorders such as aneurysms and malformations to spinal diseases, traumatic injuries, and certain functional disorders that require surgical intervention.

Education and training: Becoming a neurosurgeon requires completing a medical degree followed by a lengthy period of specialty training in neurosurgery. In many countries, including the Czech Republic, graduates enter a neurosurgery residency that lasts several years, after which they obtain licensure to practice and may pursue board certification or fellowship training in subfields such as cerebrovascular, tumor, spine, pediatric, or functional neurosurgery.

Practice and techniques: Neurosurgeons work in hospitals, often within multidisciplinary teams and academic centers. They perform operations such as craniotomies for tumor or vascular disease, spinal procedures like decompressions and fusions, and microsurgical tumor resections. They employ microsurgical tools, neuronavigation, intraoperative imaging, endoscopy, and occasionally robotic assistance. Many procedures are conducted in both inpatient and outpatient settings, with urgent interventions common in trauma and stroke pathways.

Subspecialties and roles: Within neurosurgery, emphasis areas include cerebrovascular surgery, tumor surgery, spine surgery, pediatric neurosurgery, and functional neurosurgery (such as deep brain stimulation). Neurosurgeons also contribute to research, teaching, and the development of new techniques and technologies to improve patient outcomes.

Ethics and outcomes: The practice involves substantial risk, including potential neurological deficits, infection, and bleeding. Outcomes have improved with advances in imaging, neurophysiology, and minimally invasive approaches, but patient selection and informed consent remain essential.