neurotología

Neurotology is a subspecialty of otolaryngology, also known as ENT (ear, nose, and throat) medicine, that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the inner ear and the nerves responsible for hearing and balance. It is concerned with conditions that impact the complex auditory and vestibular systems within the temporal bone.

Physicians specializing in neurotology, often called neurotologists, have advanced training in the surgical and medical management of these delicate structures. They deal with a range of issues including hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), dizziness, and vertigo. Common conditions treated include Meniere's disease, acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma), otosclerosis, labyrinthitis, and other balance disorders.

The diagnostic process in neurotology typically involves comprehensive audiological evaluations, such as pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and tympanometry, as well as vestibular function tests like electronystagmography (ENG) or videonystagmography (VNG). Imaging studies such as MRI and CT scans are also crucial for visualizing the inner ear and related neural structures.

Treatment approaches vary widely depending on the specific condition and its severity. They can range from medical management with medications to surgical interventions. Surgical procedures may include tumor removal, stapes surgery for otosclerosis, or interventions to manage severe vertigo. Neurotology often collaborates with other specialties like neurology, audiology, and physical therapy to provide comprehensive care.