netværksstak

A netværksstak, or network stack, refers to the layered software and hardware components that enable network communication on a computer or device. It's a conceptual model that breaks down the complex process of sending and receiving data into manageable layers, each with specific responsibilities. The most widely recognized model is the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which defines seven layers, from the physical transmission of bits to the application-level protocols users interact with. Another common model is the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model, which is more practical and forms the basis of the internet.

Each layer in a network stack handles a particular aspect of communication. For example, the physical layer deals with the actual transmission of electrical signals over a medium like Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi. The data link layer manages error detection and correction within a local network segment. The network layer is responsible for routing data packets across different networks. The transport layer, often represented by TCP or UDP, ensures reliable or fast data delivery between applications. Finally, the application layer encompasses the protocols that applications use, such as HTTP for web browsing or SMTP for email. Data is encapsulated as it moves down the stack and de-encapsulated as it moves up, with each layer adding or removing its own header information. Understanding the network stack is crucial for troubleshooting network issues and designing efficient network solutions.