nestehukku

Nestehukku, commonly referred to as dehydration in Finnish, is a condition resulting from a deficit of body fluids and an imbalance between water and electrolytes. It occurs when fluid losses exceed intake over time, which can impair cellular function and organ systems. Dehydration can be classified by the type of fluid loss as isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic, depending on how the concentration of sodium relates to body water. The termNestehukka is the standard Finnish term, while nestehukku appears as a less common variant in informal usage.

Causes include inadequate fluid intake, excessive sweating, fever, vomiting or diarrhea, febrile illness, and certain chronic conditions or medications that increase fluid loss. It can affect people of all ages, but infants, young children, and older adults are especially vulnerable.

Common signs and symptoms vary with severity. Mild dehydration may present as thirst, dry mouth, reduced urination, and darker urine. Moderate dehydration can include dry skin, headache, dizziness, and fatigue. Severe dehydration involves very dry skin and mucous membranes, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, confusion, and in extreme cases, shock. Infants and elderly individuals may show more subtle or different symptoms.

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on history and physical examination, with monitoring of weight change, urine output, and vital signs. Laboratory tests may assess electrolytes, kidney function, and acid-base status when needed.

Treatment depends on severity. Mild cases are typically managed with oral rehydration solutions containing electrolytes. Moderate to severe dehydration often requires intravenous fluids and medical supervision, along with treatment of the underlying cause and electrolyte correction. Prevention emphasizes regular fluid intake, especially in hot weather, during illness, and for at-risk groups, along with monitoring signs of early dehydration.