needletail

Needletail is a common name applied to several large swift species in the family Apodidae, named for the long, needle-like tail features observed in some members. The term is not a formal taxonomic grouping, but it is most often associated with species in the genus Hirundapus, which includes some of the world’s largest swifts. The white-throated needletail (Hirundapus caudacutus) is the best-known species, with other related forms such as the grey or giant needletail (Hirundapus giganteus) sharing similar appearance and habits.

These birds are highly aerial insectivores, catching flying insects on the wing with fast, powerful flight. They spend most of their lives in the air, and when at rest they commonly cling to vertical surfaces rather than perch on branches. They roost on cliffs, in caves, or on human-made structures, depending on available habitat. Breeding sites are typically in crevices or on ledges, where nests are constructed from twigs and plant material and, in some cases, aided by saliva to help bind the structure. Clutch size is generally small, with incubation and fledging periods aligned with seasonal conditions.

Geographic range and migration vary by species but commonly include parts of Asia and Australasia. Some populations undertake seasonal migrations between breeding grounds in temperate regions and wintering areas further south or to adjacent regions. Conservation status also varies by species and region; while some populations remain widespread and secure, others face pressures from habitat change, declines in aerial insect prey, and collisions with structures.