nazywanym

Nazywanym is a grammatical form in Polish: the instrumental singular of the passive present participle "nazywany," which comes from the verb "nazywać" (to call, to name). As a participial adjective, it denotes that a person or thing is named or referred to by others. It agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. The masculine singular instrumental form is "nazywanym," while other genders have their own forms (for example, feminine would use "nazywaną," and neuter forms exist in other cases).

Usage and scope: Nazywanym appears mainly in descriptive or comparative clauses, especially in appositive phrases or embedded clauses where the noun to which it attaches is masculine singular in the instrumental case. It is commonly used when mentioning nicknames, titles, or epithets that people or sources have given to someone or something. In written Polish, it helps to specify how something is known or referred to by others, without making the noun itself the subject of the main clause.

Examples:

- Mężczyzna, nazywanym bohaterem miasta przez mieszkańców, został odznaczony.

- Człowiek, nazywanym przez znajomych "Jankiem", mieszka tu od lat.

Notes: Nazywanym is a form used in contexts where the noun is masculine and the surrounding clause requires the instrumental case. Other gender forms include nazywana, nazywane, and corresponding instrumental variants, depending on the noun being described. Translations into English typically render it as "called" or "named" in a way that preserves the attribution to an external namer.