nawócenie

Nawócenie is a traditional Polish folk custom associated with the celebration of Easter, particularly in rural communities. The term derives from the verb *nawiązywać*, meaning "to establish" or "to renew," reflecting the ritual's role in symbolically reconnecting with nature and the agricultural cycle after the winter season. The practice is most prominently observed in the regions of Małopolska, particularly in villages like Nowy Targ and the surrounding area, though variations exist across other parts of Poland.

The ritual typically takes place on Easter Monday, often in the early morning. Participants, usually young men, gather near a meadow, field, or forest clearing. One of the central elements of nawócenie is the symbolic "awakening" of nature through the use of a long pole, known as a *nawiąza*, which is adorned with ribbons, flowers, or sometimes even small flags. The pole is inserted into the ground, and the group performs a series of movements, such as dancing or jumping over it, accompanied by singing traditional songs. These songs often reference fertility, the return of spring, and the triumph of life over death, reflecting the agricultural roots of the custom.

The songs themselves are a key aspect of nawócenie, with lyrics that vary by region but generally follow a similar structure. They are often sung in call-and-response style, with the group chanting verses that invoke blessings for the land, livestock, and people. The ritual is believed to bring good fortune, ensure a bountiful harvest, and ward off evil spirits. In some communities, the nawiąza is later taken to a nearby home, where it may be displayed as a symbol of protection throughout the year.

While nawócenie has deep historical roots, its practice has declined in recent decades due to urbanization and changing cultural priorities. However, efforts by cultural organizations and local initiatives have helped preserve the tradition, ensuring its continuation among those who value its symbolic significance. The custom remains a vibrant example of Poland’s rich folk heritage, blending pagan influences with Christian Easter observances.