narcose

Narcosis, or narcose, is a medically induced, reversible state of unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and immobility used to perform surgical or diagnostic procedures. The term is used in several European languages to denote what in English is called general anesthesia. The term may also describe a deeper sedative state produced by narcotic drugs, but contemporary practice distinguishes anesthesia from narcotic intoxication.

General anesthesia is achieved with a combination of inhaled anesthetics (such as sevoflurane or isoflurane), intravenous agents (for example propofol, etomidate, or ketamine), and often opioids for analgesia. Muscle relaxation with neuromuscular blockers may be used to facilitate intubation and immobility. The depth of anesthesia is titrated to maintain unconsciousness and adequate analgesia while preserving vital functions.

Safety relies on continuous monitoring: airway management and ventilation, oxygenation, cardiovascular stability, and depth of anesthesia. Monitoring tools include pulse oximetry, capnography, blood pressure, heart rate, and sometimes EEG-based depth monitors. The anesthesia team adjusts agent doses and supportive care accordingly.

Indications include almost all intermediate and major surgeries, while regional anesthesia or sedation may be alternatives for shorter or localized procedures. Complications can include airway problems, hemodynamic changes, postoperative nausea and vomiting, delirium, and, in rare cases, malignant hyperthermia.

Recovery involves emergence from anesthesia, transfer to post-anesthesia care, and assessment of cognitive and motor function. The practice is regulated by guidelines and performed by trained professionals such as anesthesiologists or nurse anesthetists. The term narcose reflects historical terminology, whereas modern English usage prefers general anesthesia.