naphthalén

Naphthalene is a white, crystalline organic compound with the formula C10H8. It consists of two fused benzene rings, making it a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Naphthalene is known for its characteristic strong odor, which is often associated with mothballs.

Historically, naphthalene was primarily derived from coal tar, a byproduct of coal processing. It can also be synthesized from petroleum-based feedstocks. Its production involves fractional distillation of coal tar or petroleum.

Naphthalene has a variety of industrial applications. It is a key intermediate in the synthesis of many chemicals, including phthalic anhydride, which is used in the production of plasticizers, dyes, and resins. It also finds use in the manufacture of insecticides, especially moth repellents, although its use in this area has declined due to health concerns. Other applications include its use as a solvent and in the production of tanning agents.

In its pure form, naphthalene sublimes readily, meaning it transitions directly from a solid to a gas at room temperature. This property contributes to its effectiveness as a fumigant. While commonly known for its use in mothballs, it is important to note that naphthalene is classified as a probable human carcinogen by some health organizations. Exposure can occur through inhalation of vapors or dust, and skin contact.