Naphthalene

Naphthalene is an organic compound with the formula C10H8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, consisting of two fused benzene rings in a planar arrangement. It is a colorless to white solid that emits a characteristic odor and readily sublimes at room temperature. Its melting point is 80.2°C and its boiling point is about 218°C. It is insoluble in water and soluble in many organic solvents.

Naphthalene occurs naturally in small amounts in coal tar and crude oil. It is produced commercially during coal tar distillation and is also obtained as a byproduct of refining certain fossil fuels. Industrially, it remains an important petrochemical feedstock, notably as a precursor to phthalic anhydride via oxidation, a key intermediate in the production of plasticizers and resins. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, fragrances, and various organic syntheses, and historically as a moth repellent in mothballs.

In terms of safety, naphthalene is toxic and exposure should be minimized. It can irritate the skin and eyes and may pose health risks if inhaled or ingested; long-term exposure has been associated with serious health effects, and it is considered a potential carcinogen by some health authorities. Handling requires appropriate engineering controls, protective equipment, and compliance with applicable regulations.