nanovolt

A nanovolt is a unit of electric potential, or voltage, equal to one billionth of a volt. It is derived from the base unit of the volt (V) by applying the metric prefix "nano-", which represents a factor of 10^-9. Therefore, 1 nanovolt (nV) is equal to 1 x 10^-9 volts. This extremely small unit is used to measure very low levels of electrical potential difference. In practice, nanovolt measurements are relevant in fields requiring high sensitivity, such as in certain scientific research experiments, the detection of faint biological signals like those from the brain (EEG), or in the design of very low-noise electronic circuits. Measuring and working with signals in the nanovolt range presents significant technical challenges due to interference from ambient electromagnetic noise, which can easily overwhelm the intended signal. Specialized equipment and shielding techniques are often employed to achieve accurate readings at this scale.