népességnövekedési

Népességnövekedés, or population growth, refers to the change in the size of a human population over time. It is typically measured as the difference between the number of births and deaths in a given period, along with net migration. Positive population growth occurs when the number of births exceeds the number of deaths and there is a net inflow of people, while negative growth happens when deaths outnumber births or there is a net outflow of people.

Several factors influence population growth rates. Fertility rates, the average number of children born to women, are a primary driver. Mortality rates, influenced by factors like healthcare, sanitation, and disease, also play a crucial role. Migration, both internal and international, can significantly alter population figures in specific regions or countries.

Historically, population growth was slow due to high birth and death rates. The advent of improved healthcare, agricultural advancements, and sanitation led to declining death rates, resulting in a period of rapid population expansion, particularly from the 20th century onwards.

Currently, global population growth rates are declining, although the absolute number of people continues to increase. This trend is largely due to falling fertility rates in many parts of the world. Different regions experience varying growth rates, with some developing countries still exhibiting high growth, while many developed nations face stagnant or declining populations. Understanding population growth is vital for planning resource allocation, infrastructure development, and addressing socioeconomic challenges.