mésothéliomes

Mésothéliomes are rare cancers that arise from mesothelial cells, which form the protective lining of many internal organs. The most common type is pleural mesothelioma, affecting the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. Peritoneal mesothelioma affects the lining of the abdomen, and less commonly, pericardial mesothelioma affects the lining of the heart.

The primary cause of mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos fibers. When inhaled or ingested, these microscopic fibers can become lodged in the mesothelium, leading to chronic inflammation and genetic damage over time. This can result in cancerous growth. The latency period between asbestos exposure and the development of mesothelioma is typically very long, often 20 to 50 years or more.

Symptoms of pleural mesothelioma can include shortness of breath, chest pain, persistent cough, and unexplained weight loss. Peritoneal mesothelioma may present with abdominal pain, swelling, and changes in bowel habits. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests like CT scans and MRIs, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of malignant mesothelial cells.

Treatment options for mesothelioma depend on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. They may include surgery to remove tumors, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these. Immunotherapy is also emerging as a treatment option. Unfortunately, mesothelioma is often diagnosed at a late stage, making it challenging to treat effectively. Prevention focuses on avoiding asbestos exposure through proper handling and abatement of asbestos-containing materials.