asbestoscontaining

Asbestos-containing materials, often abbreviated ACMs, are materials that contain asbestos fibers in sufficient quantity to be considered hazardous. Asbestos was widely used for its resistance to heat, strength, and affordability in the 20th century; many products installed before regulations may contain asbestos. The presence of asbestos is typically determined by laboratory analysis; not by sight or smell.

Common ACMs include pipe and thermal insulation, spray-applied fireproofing, vinyl floor tiles and sheet flooring backing, asbestos cement products, roofing and siding, and some brake and gaskets. The form varies: loose fibers, textiles, or friable sprayed coatings.

Health risks: Inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma, and lung cancer. The risk rises with the amount and duration of exposure, and smoking increases risk for some diseases. Diseases often have long latency.

Regulation and management: Many countries have banned or restricted asbestos; in existing buildings, ACMs are managed to minimize disturbance. Removal or remediation should be performed by licensed professionals under applicable safety rules; alternatives include encapsulation (sealing) or enclosure to prevent fiber release.

Identification and testing: Field surveys guide risk management but require lab confirmation. Tests such as polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) determine asbestos type and content; sampling must be done by trained personnel.

Disposal and safety: Asbestos waste is regulated and disposed of at licensed facilities; waste is typically double-bagged or sealed and labeled; air clearance testing may be required after work.