méniscectomie

Meniscectomy, also known as méniscectomie, is a surgical procedure in which all or part of a knee meniscus is removed. The knee contains two menisci (medial and lateral) that cushion and stabilize the joint. Indications include irreparable meniscal tears, complex degenerative tears, symptomatic discoid menisci, or free fragments causing mechanical symptoms such as catching or locking.

Most meniscectomies are performed arthroscopically. The procedure is typically described as partial meniscectomy, where only the torn portion is removed while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible, or total meniscectomy in rare cases. Meniscal repair may be attempted for suitable tears, especially in younger patients or when the tear is in a vascularized peripheral zone.

Outcomes usually include relief from mechanical symptoms and short-term pain reduction. However, removing meniscal tissue can reduce joint contact area and may increase the long-term risk of osteoarthritis in the affected compartment, particularly after larger resections. Rehabilitation involves a staged return to weight bearing and range-of-motion exercises, followed by progressive strengthening and functional training over several weeks to months. Return to sports depends on tear type, extent of resection, and recovery.

Risks and complications are similar to other knee procedures and include infection, bleeding, nerve or vessel injury, stiffness, persistent pain, recurrent effusion, and, in the long term, progression of osteoarthritis. The approach has shifted toward meniscal preservation when feasible, with advances in repair techniques and arthroscopic methods contributing to improved outcomes.